paranoianovel Chapter 642: The Status Of The State-Owned Economy And The Non-State-Owned Economy In The National E
Chapter 642: The Status Of The State-Owned Economy And The Non-State-Owned Economy In The National E
After explaining the basic meaning of the national economy and the state-owned economy, Yan Changqing glanced at the princes Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes below, and said with a smile:
"What I just said is the meaning of the national economy and the state-owned economy."
"Then can your Highness tell me what the difference is between the national economy and the state-owned economy?!!"
After saying that, all the princes including Zhu Xi, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and others focused their attention on Prince Zhu Biao.
After all, there is order between elders and younger ones. As the eldest son, Prince Zhu Biao is their eldest brother, so naturally they should start with him.
Feeling the eyes of his brothers on him, Prince Zhu Biao did not hesitate, stood up and gave a slight salute, and then replied:
"The national economy is a larger concept than the state-owned economy, or it covers a wider scope!!!"
"The national economy includes the state-owned economy and the non-state-owned economy, and the state-owned economy is only a part of the national economy!!!"
"The two are not the same, but the relationship between one big and one small, one includes and one is included!!!"
Yan Changqing nodded, with a hint of approval in his eyes, and then asked further:
"Any more?!!"
Prince Zhu Biao thought about it for a while, and finally shook his head, saying not yet.
Yan Changqing nodded and motioned for him to sit down, and then his eyes fell on the other princes again.
Jin King Zhu Fan glanced at Qin King Zhu Di who had no idea, then stood up, also gave a slight salute to Yan Changqing, and then replied:
"The subjects between the two, as well as the final owners of production profits, are different!!!"
“The main body of the state-owned economy is the state court, and the relevant production materials and funds are owned by the state court, or in other words, the relevant production materials and funds are provided by the state court.
The final production profits also belong to the country and the court!!!"
"The main body of the national economy includes the entire Ming Dynasty, ranging from the emperor's royal family, to the civil and military officials of the imperial court, to ordinary merchants and ordinary people.'
"Relevant production means and funds do not necessarily belong to the national court. They may be provided by the national court, or they may be provided by the emperor's royal family, civil and military officials, and merchants!!!" 17 "At the same time, the final production profits do not necessarily belong to the national court. It is owned by the state and the court, but is distributed according to the different owners who provide the means of production!!!"
"Even if we go one step further, it will be possible to distribute according to the amount of labor the owner has done!!!"
Yan Changqing looked at Jin Wang Zhu Fan with more admiration.
The first time I listened to his lecture on national economy and state-owned economy, I was able to understand this point. It once again shows that Jin Wang Zhu Fan does have a very good talent in the economic aspect.
Yan Changqing glanced at the other princes and asked again:
“Any other ideas for answers?!!”
Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Xi, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes all shook their heads, saying that the only things they thought about were what they just thought about.
Seeing this, Yan Changqing also nodded and said nothing more.
Because the main differences between the national economy and the state-owned economy are what Prince Zhu Biao and Jin King Zhu Fan just said.
As for other details, it doesn't matter whether you mention them or not.
Yan Changqing then turned around and drew a vertical river under the big title [National Economy and State-owned Economy] on the blackboard behind him, with the four characters [National Economy] written above the river.
Then, inside the river [National Economy], another small river was drawn, and the four characters [State-owned Economy] were also written inside this small river.
Finally, Yan Changqing turned his head again, looked at Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Xi, Zhu Gang, Zhu Di and other princes and asked:
"Through the answer just now, we know that the state-owned economy is part of the national economy!!!"
"Then a new question comes. What roles should the state-owned economy and the non-state-owned economy occupy in the national economy?!!"
"Is the state-owned economy dominant?!!"
“Or will the non-state economy dominate?!!”
"Or do the two occupy a balanced and equal position?!!"
Upon hearing Yan Changqing's inquiry, Qin King Zhu Xi replied without hesitation:
"Naturally the state-owned economy occupies a dominant position!!!"
The answer given by King Zhu Di of Qin is not an answer from an economic perspective.
But because in the view of Qin Wang Zhu Di, the state-owned economy represents the national court, so naturally the national court should occupy the dominant position in the national economy.
If the national court does not occupy a dominant position in the national economy, how can the dignity of the national court survive?!!
How can the national court rule the world and govern the people?!!
Therefore, the national court should occupy a dominant position no matter where it is located!!!
This is the simple and domineering idea of Qin King Zhu Ping.
Hearing Qin King Zhu Xi’s answer, Yan Changqing smiled and said:
"If the state-owned economy should occupy a dominant position, then does the state-owned economy of the Ming Dynasty now occupy the dominant position of the national economy of the Ming Dynasty?!!"
King Qin Zhu Di was stunned for a moment, then frowned.
At the same time, Yan Changqing turned around again and said while writing on the blackboard:
"Today, the state-owned economy of the Ming Dynasty is mainly divided into four parts, namely the land tax, the income from salt and iron government operations, the revised commercial tax, and other taxes such as house collapse tax, door stall tax, fishery tax, etc. Taxes and other miscellaneous taxes!!!”
"And among the four major components of the state-owned economy, three of them are taxes!!!"
"And the sources of these three major tax revenues are from the non-state-owned economy!!!"
"In other words, the more taxes collected by these three parts, the better the development of the non-state-owned economy will be, and the higher the proportion of the non-state-owned economy in the overall national economy will be!!!"
"The only official salt and iron operation that does not rely on taxation and makes profits through independent operations is also because of the new salt policy implemented by His Majesty in the third year of Hongwu, that is, the Kaizhong method."
"The country's imperial salt monopoly system, which has been in place for thousands of years, will be opened to the outside world and private merchants will be allowed to transport grain to the border in exchange for salt distribution licenses 'Yan Yin'
"As a result, the imperial court's concessions benefited the people, or in other words, the concessions benefited business, which in turn led to a certain reduction in the profits brought by the official operation of salt and iron." 1
Hearing this, Zhu Yuanzhang could not help but frown, and an uneasy thought suddenly arose in his heart.
He was afraid that the "Kai Zhong Law" system he had formulated would have some drawbacks that he didn't know about, which would lead to the collapse of the Ming Dynasty again in the future!!!
This is not because Zhu Yuanzhang is too sensitive, but because he has been slapped in the face too many times by Yan Changqing in the past.
Like the royal kinship system that led to the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the vassal system of the Ming Dynasty that led to the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the currency system of the Ming Dynasty that led to the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the household registration system of the Ming Dynasty that led to the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the tax exemption system of the Ming Dynasty that led to the fall of the Ming Dynasty...
It can be said that the systems he has formulated so far, as long as they are singled out by Yan Changqing, basically have risks that he is not aware of and may lead to the collapse of the Ming Dynasty!!!
On the podium, Yan Changqing turned around and saw Zhu Yuanzhang's serious expression, as if he had seen through Zhu Yuanzhang's thoughts, and said with a smile:
"Your Majesty, don't worry, there are no drawbacks to the 'Opening the Middle Method'!!!"
"Even the implementation of the 'Open China Law' during this period not only ensured the military grain reserves for the Ming Dynasty's border defense, but also played a positive role in promoting the development of the Ming Dynasty's border areas!!!"
“This is good governance!!!”
The so-called "Kaizhong method" means that the army guards the border, the people provide wages, and salt is used as the hub, so it is called Kaizhong.
The method of opening the middle is roughly divided into three steps: reporting the middle, guarding the support, and changing the market:
According to the report, salt merchants transported grain to designated granaries in border areas in exchange for salt from the government in accordance with the Ming government's investment list.
Shouzhi means that after the salt merchants exchange salt for salt, they go to the designated salt field to wait for the salt.
Market trading is when salt merchants transport the salt they obtain to designated areas for sale.
Because of the huge cost of transporting grain over long distances, those salt merchants hired laborers from various places to cultivate fields, produce grain, and store it in local warehouses in exchange for salt, so as to make more profits.
Because this form of farming was run by merchants, it was also called merchant farming.
In the early Ming Dynasty, there were Shangtuns everywhere from Liaodong in the east, to Xuanda in the north, to Gansu in the west, and to Jiaozhi in the south. Their prosperity had a certain promoting effect on border defense military grain reserves and the development of border areas.
Moreover, the imperial court would also levy a corresponding land tax on this kind of land in Shangtun.
In other words, the "Kaizhong Law" also added additional land and acres tax revenue to the court.
It can be said that the implementation of the "Kaizhong Method" achieves three goals with one stone, which is why Yan Changqing praised the "Kaizhong Method".
But again, no matter how good the system is, it needs people to implement it.
Once there are problems with the people implementing the system, loopholes will naturally appear in the system, eventually leading to the collapse of the system.
In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the royal family, eunuchs, nobles, and bureaucrats saw that holding salt Yin was profitable, so they all sued for salt Yin, and then resold it to salt merchants to make profits from it.
This phenomenon is called "nest-occupying".
As this phenomenon intensified, the originally stable Kaizhong system was also destroyed.
In the end, it not only affected the military grain reserves of the Ming Dynasty's border defense and the development of border areas, but also seriously affected the country's fiscal revenue.
During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong, Ye Qi was the Minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs. He changed the old system to merchants and used silver instead of rice. He paid it to the Transportation Secretary. He took it to Taicang and distributed it to various parties.
The amount of silver imported from Taicang ranged from 3 to 4 qian for each amount of salt introduced, and the amount of silver in Taicang amounted to more than 1 million. The national fiscal revenue increased sharply.
However, most of the salt merchants in the border areas moved their families inland because of this, which led to the rapid destruction of the merchant villages and the great decrease in the food reserves of the border army.
During the reign of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, Yang Yiqing asked merchants to be summoned to open a business camp in Kaizhong.
Later, at the request of many people, Mu Zong appointed Pang Shangpeng as the censor of Qiandu in the second year of Longqing (1568) to manage the salt administration, farming, and supervise the nine-border farming. He and Wang Chonggu, the governor of the three sides of Shaanxi Province, made detailed plans to promote farming in the border areas. Hit.
But in the end, because this system has deteriorated over time, it is difficult to achieve practical results.
At this stage, the "Kaizhong method" can be said to exist in name only.
Zhu Yuanzhang below couldn't help but show a clear look of pride when he heard Yan Changqing's praise.
It was not easy. He had formulated so many systems, and finally there was one system that Yan Changqing did not say was a bad policy that would lead to the collapse of the Ming Dynasty in the future.
If the system of "opening the Central Law" was also said by Yan Changqing, it would lead to the collapse of the Ming Dynasty in the future.
Then he really has to think about whether he is suitable to be the emperor, and whether he should abdicate early to the princes Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes.
But then Zhu Yuanzhang reacted keenly, looked up at Yan Changqing and said:
“Mr. just said that ‘the ‘open-China law’ will be implemented during this period.” Could it be that
Will there also be drawbacks to the ‘open-to-Chinese approach’ at some point in the future?!!”
Yan Changqing shook his head and replied:
"If the 'Open China Law' system can be strictly implemented, there will be no drawbacks in the future."
"But if it cannot be strictly implemented, it will only be a matter of time before the 'Open China Law' is undermined or even collapsed.'
Looking at the puzzled looks of Zhu Yuanzhang, Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes, Yan Changqing further explained:
"For example, His Highness the King of Qin said that he was poor and submitted a petition to His Majesty to ask for some salt, earn some personal profits, and subsidize the income of the palace. Will Your Majesty give it to you?!!"
Zhu Yuanzhang glanced at Qin King Zhu Ping, but nodded and said:
"If he is really poor, then we will naturally give him some."
Zhu Yuanzhang was quite good to his children and grandchildren.
At least he will give you the glory and wealth you deserve.
Yan Changqing also nodded and continued:
"Then King Zhu Fan of Jin, King Zhu Di of Yan, King Zhu Ji of Zhou, King Zhu Zhen of Chu, and King Zhu Bo of Qi all said that they were poor. If Qin asks for some salt, will your majesty give it to you?!!"
"If other civil and military officials, noble marquises, and meritorious ministers also report to Your Majesty, and Qin asks for some salt, then will Your Majesty give it to you?!!"
Zhu Yuanzhang fell into deep thought, as did the princes Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Gang, Zhu Di and other princes.
"If His Majesty gives them all, then they will resell the salt they obtained to salt merchants and make a profit from it."
"The salt merchants who obtained the salt no longer had to provide food and wages to the border in exchange for the salt. They could directly use the salt to distribute and sell salt.
"Once this situation becomes more and more serious, can the system of "Opening China and France" be maintained well?!!"
"Even if Your Majesty can be ruthless and not give salt to your Royal Highnesses, all the civil and military officials of the court, and noble marquises, what if the Queen is asking Your Majesty on behalf of her family?!!
"Of course, the Queen is wise and will not do anything to embarrass Your Majesty."
“But what about the great emperor of tomorrow?!”
"Can he do the same thing as His Majesty?!!"
“Where is the queen in the future?!!”
"How can she shirk away when her parents find her?!!"
"As long as the emperor in future generations is soft-hearted once, the "Kaizhong Fa" will be destroyed. If the emperor is soft-hearted many times, the collapse of the "Kaizhong Fa" system will be around the corner.
. "
Yan Changqing shook his head and sighed.
The emperor is also a human being, and the queen is also a human being.
When the queen's family members really come to the queen to ask for a little salt and a reward, can the queen really get away with it?!
It's very difficult, most queens can't get away from it.
Similarly, when the queen really found the emperor and asked for a little salt reward on behalf of her family, could the emperor really refuse?!!
If you refuse, will the love between husband and wife still exist?!!
Do you still need the face of the leader of a country?!!
Definitely want it!!!
And if you want to save face, you must pay for it, or in other words, pay for benefits.
When this kind of thing happens more often, the small things add up, and the collapse of the "open-China law" system is not far away.
Zhu Yuanzhang below also understood the meaning of Yan Changqing's words, and immediately gritted his teeth and said:
"Then we will establish the "Ancestral Instructions" so that future emperors of the Ming Dynasty will not reward salt to anyone!!!"
"If you want to blame, if you want to be unkind, then just blame me!!!"
While saying this, Zhu Yuanzhang also glanced at Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes, warning them.
He finally worked out a policy system that would not lead to the collapse of the Ming Dynasty, and was even extremely beneficial to the Ming Dynasty. He would not allow future generations to destroy this policy system.
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